Browsing by Author "Mwaniki, Elizabeth"

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Demographic Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among Urban and Rural Tuberculosis Patients in Kenya
(Bilingual Publishing, 2019-12-31) Oguya, Francis; Mbuti, Humphrey; Mwaniki, Elizabeth
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest and disabling diseases in the world today. The infection exacts its greatest toll on individuals during their most productive years. TB patients record different perceived health related qualities of life(PHRQoL) which could be attributed to certain environmental,social and physical factors. The objective of the study was to determine the demographic factors associated with the PHRQoL among urban and rural Tuberculosis patients in Kenya. Cross sectional design was adopted. The study applied the multi-stage sampling technique. Random sampling method was used to select the TB clinics that participated in the study. Simple random sampling according to probability proportionate to TB patient’s population was preferred to select the study participants. Chisquare test determined association between the various demographic factors and the PHRQoL while ANOVA tests demonstrated the overall association of demographic factors and PHRQoL. Statistical Significance was evaluated at p<0.05. Descriptive statistics summarized and described the data. The study established that demographic factors are associated with PHRQoL (p=0.008). Specifically, age, levels of education, marital status and house hold size (P<0.05). Gender and Household head were not significantly associated with the PHRQoL (p>0.05). These findings will persuade the TB management policy towards developing an intervention programs directed at the social-demographic characteristics of the TB patients for improved treatment outcomes.
Randomized Control Trial Study On The Effect Of Health Education In Promoting Adherence To Treatment Among The Urban And Rural Tuberculosis Patients In Kenya
(RESEARCH SQUARE, 2020-11-18) Oguya, FRANCIS OCHIENG; Mbuti, Humphrey Kimani; Mwaniki, Elizabeth; Warutere, Peterson
Background: Tuberculosis is a global health concern and the incident rate in Kenya remains high. Because of the long duration of standard treatment (six months), there is a risk of treatment default by patients. Low adherence to treatment may result in the emergence of resistant strains of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in turn increasing mortality and prolonging the treatment duration. The rising TB cases in Kenya have been associated with poor adherence and low cure rate arising from inappropriate health education. Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course (DOTS) Strategy, in combination with patient education have proved to be more effective in reducing TB incident than the DOTS Strategy alone. However, there is lack of Evidence Based Protocol to guide Medical Professionals through the implementation of health education for TB patients. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of health education in promoting adherence to treatment among the urban and rural tuberculosis patients in Kenya. The study used the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Design: The study adopted Randomized Controlled Trial Design with pre-and post-test assessment. The Multi-Stage Sampling Technique was applied to select the study respondents. Random sampling was adopted to select the hospitals, health centers and dispensaries. Simple random sampling method was also used to assign the patients into experimental and control groups. Setting: The study was conducted in fourteen public health facilities in Nairobi and Murang’a Counties; 2 Hospitals, 7 health centers, 5 dispensaries. Participants: A total of 450 patients were recruited from the selected health facilities by random sampling according to probability proportionate to TB patient’s population. Only 373 met the eligibility criteria for the study. Intervention: Health Education Program for 10-15 minutes on average, twice a month for the next 6+ months as the Patient went for the weekly drug ration. Main measurement outcome: Level of adherence to TB treatment in patients. Methods: The study was conducted between September 2019 and February 2020. Only patients aged 18 years and above who had been on DOTS for at least two weeks were selected. Health education was given to those in the experimental group while those in the control group did not receive the intervention. After the six months of treatment the two groups were compared. Standard Questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Odds Ratio and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between health education and adherence to TB treatment. Results: 450 patients were recruited (experimental group=225, control group=225). 77 patients did not meet the eligibility criteria leaving 373 patients (experimental group=186, control group=187). 83.3% of patients in the experimental group had high level adherence after intervention in the post- test phase Page 3/29 compared to 60.4% of patients who had high level adherence in the control group in the post-test phase. Wilk’s Λ had an F value of 18.540, p<0.001, Odds Ratio was 3.274 and χ²= 24.189, p<0.001, indicating that the health education intervention improved adherence to medication. Gender, levels of education, marital status and primary occupation were also found to be significantly associated with adherence to medication (p<0.05). Conclusions: Health education enhanced patients’ adherence to TB treatment regime. A health education program should be adopted and rolled out to health facilities and health care settings that provide TB services in Kenya.
Social Demographic Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment Among Urban and Rural Tuberculosis Patients in Kenya.
(International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research, 2020) Oguya, Francis; Mbuti, Humphrey; Mwaniki, Elizabeth
Background: Tuberculosis is a Global Public Health concern with serious Economic and Social Burden to the Patient and the Household. Because of the long duration of Standard Treatment there is a Risk of Treatment Default by Patients. The Objective of the Study was to determine the Social Demographic Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment among the Urban and Rural Tuberculosis Patients in Kenya. The Cross Sectional Study Design was adopted. The Study applied the Multi-Stage Sampling Technique. Random Sampling Method was used to select the TB Clinics that Participated in the Study. Simple Random Sampling according to Probability Proportionate to TB Patient’s Population was preferred to select the Study Participants. Chi-Square Test determined Association between the various Social Demographic factors and the Adherence to treatment while ANOVA Test demonstrated the overall Association of Social Demographic factors and Adherence to TB Treatment. Statistical Significance was evaluated at p<0.05. Descriptive Statistics summarized and described the data. The Study established that Demographic Factors were Associated with adherence to TB treatment. Specifically, Gender, Level of Education, Place of Residence were found to be Significant (P<0.05). Age, Marital Status, Primary Occupation and Household Head were not Significantly Associated with adherence to TB treatment (p>0.05). These Findings will persuade the TB Management Policy towards developing Intervention Programs directed at the Social-Demographic Characteristics of the TB patient for improved Treatment Outcomes.