HONGO HENRY OGADA2025-07-102025-07-102024-08https://repository.tukenya.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1982PhD ThesisABSTRACT Effective leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of university libraries, with head librarians serving as critical figures in influencing the library's performance and culture. This study examines the diverse leadership styles employed by head librarians and their impact on library performance in Kenyan universities. The objectives of this research encompass an analysis of leadership's significance in Kenyan university libraries, an exploration of the applied leadership styles, an investigation into library performance levels, an examination of the relationship between leadership styles and library performance, and the proposal of leadership styles with the potential to influence university libraries in Kenya positively. A pragmatic research paradigm and a convergent parallel mixed-method research design were adopted to achieve these objectives. The study encompassed twelve public and private university libraries in Kenya, aiming to discern potential distinctions and commonalities across these institutions. Utilising a multi-stage sampling technique, the research initially stratified universities into public and private and then further stratified the population into three categories: library staff, library users, and head librarians. Data collection methods comprised questionnaires for quantitative data and key informant interviews for qualitative data. Analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for quantitative data and Atlas.ti and VOSviewer tools for qualitative data. The findings of this study shed light on the critical elements of leadership styles in the context of the Kenyan university library. Traits include robust decision-making, integrity, motivation, inspiration, and visionary thinking, characterised by effective leadership. Among various leadership styles, democratic leadership and transformative leadership styles emerged as the most effective in promoting efficient library service delivery. Regarding library performance, the research revealed that most users visited the library weekly for research, academic study, book borrowing, and technology utilisation, indicating high satisfaction. Nonetheless, specific aspects, such as technology and equipment maintenance, required enhancement. The study further highlighted a direct link between leadership styles and library performance. Democratic (B = 0.198, p = 0.504) and transformational (B = 0.133, p = 0.654) leadership styles show positive but non-significant associations with library performance. Bureaucratic leadership (B = -0.792, p = 0.021) significantly decreases performance, reflecting its rigid, hierarchical nature. Transactional (B = -0.167, p = 0.664), autocratic (B = -2.204, p = 1.00), and charismatic (B = -0.417, p = 0.222) styles do not significantly impact performance. Laissez-faire leadership (B = -1.000, p = 0.005) significantly reduces performance due to its hands-off approach. In light of these findings, a series of recommendations have been put forth: enhance leadership development and flexibility, support staff development and recognition, improve library resources and infrastructure, strengthen management support and collaboration and adapt to changing user needs. The implications of this study are broad. Education policymakers should prioritise leadership development within university libraries, creating a supportive environment for effective leadership. Professionals in library and information science must underscore the significance of continuous training that is aligned with library goals. The study aligns with the Path-Goal Theory, emphasising the adaptability of leadership styles, motivation, and leadership's impact on the library environment. By embracing these recommendations, university libraries can establish themselves as indispensable resources in the digital era, fostering academic achievement, research, and innovation within the academic community.enThesis