Abstract:
The authors explore indigenous East African views on the concept of “ethics” in the context of the
phenomenon called Hongo. Our research problematizes the definition of ethics generated from within
Euro-culture, and we argue that it does not consider non-Western and non-European cultures, views,
or beliefs. The primary methodology is participant observation and examining the recorded history of
Hongo. We elucidate the concept and practice of Hongo. We find that Hongo partially overlaps with
the non-African concepts of bribery but also includes socially excellent gift-giving in the appropriate
circumstances. Thus, understanding Hongo as bribery connected to corruption tells only a fraction of
what it actually is. We explain a more nuanced understanding of ethics in East Africa and the role
of Hongo in facilitating courteous social relations and survival strategies. This is also a contribution
to the ongoing discourse on corruption and ethics through an alternative perspective on the authors’
unique historical, cultural, and lived contexts. The findings can inform the development of policies
and practices that promote cultural sensitivity and respect for indigenous knowledge
