School of Business and Management Studies

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    ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF JOB PERFORMANCE (TEACHING AND RESEARCH) AMONG ACADEMIC EMPLOYEES IN HIGHER LEARNING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN ZANZIBAR
    (2015-07-31) KEMBU, APOLLO
    The purpose of the study is to determine the level of job performance among academic employees in higher learning public institutions in Zanzibar.Despite the important role played by job satisfaction on academic employees’ performance, information about levels of academic employees’ job satisfaction factors and performance among higher learning public institutions in Zanzibar is not available. This has limited the ability of the institutions to address job performance related problems so as to meet accountability measures, such as Teaching and Research Performance Standards (TRPS) and institutions success and growth.The target population for this study consisted of all permanent academic staff (Senior Lecturers, Lecturers, Assistant Lecturers and Tutorial Assistants) working in the higher learning public institutions in Zanzibar. The total of 214 academic employees and 30 students were selected to avail information concerning the study. Data gathering methods involved both primary and secondary sources. The questionnaires about job satisfaction and academic employee performance were created based on a job description questionnaire
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    Attribution Theory: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Information Systems Success
    (2015-07-29) Ndede-Amandi, Atieno A.; Snead, Ken C.; Magal, Simha R.; Christensen, Linda F.
    Abstract Information systems research often employs user satisfaction with, use of, and perceived organizational benefits of, newly-developed systems as measures of information system success. Further, this stream of research attempts to associate these measures of success with a myriad of hypothesized determinants involving organizational, personal, task, and system characteristics, as well as characteristics of the implementation process. Initial research in this area was criticized for the dearth of theoretical underpinning employed. Subsequent to these criticisms, underlying theory from a variety of disciplines now guides much of this research. Of particular interest to this research effort are the tenets of a well-established theory in the area of social psychology-attribution theory. While attribution theory has been employed in some of the more recent works investigating factors related to information system success, none of these works simultaneously consider the theory’s information and motivational antecedents along with the success/failure nature of the system’s outcomes, users’ perceptions of the causes of the outcomes (attributions), and the reported level of user satisfaction with the system. In response, the current study develops a model for the simultaneous empirical examination of these issues by incorporating them into a behavioral decision making methodology administered to Professional MBA students. The study’s results support the relevance of attribution theory as a theoretical framework for understanding those factors determining users’ attributions for information system-related outcomes, as well as the influence of these attributions and the nature of the system outcome on the level of users’ satisfaction with the system.
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    Attribution Theory: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Information Systems Success
    (2015-08-03) Atieno, Ndede-Amadi
    Information systems research often employs user satisfaction with, use of, and perceived organizational benefits of, newly-developed systems as measures of information system success. Further, this stream of research attempts to associate these measures of success with a myriad of hypothesized determinants involving organizational, personal,task, and system characteristics, as well as characteristics of the implementation process. Initial research in this area was criticized for the dearth of theoretical underpinning employed. Subsequent to these criticisms, underlying theory from a variety of disciplines now guides much of this research. Of particular interest to this research effort are the tenets of a well-established theory in the area of social psychology-attribution theory. While attribution theory has been employed in some of the more recent works investigating factors related to information system success, none of these works simultaneously consider the theory’s information and motivational antecedents along with the success/failure nature of the system’s outcomes, users’ perceptions of the causes of the outcomes (attributions), and the reported level of user satisfaction with the system. In response, the current study develops a model for the simultaneous empirical examination of these issues by incorporating them into a behavioral decision making methodology administered to Professional MBA students. The study’s results support the relevance of attribution theory as a theoretical framework for understanding those factors determining users’ attributions for information system-related outcomes, as well as the influence of these attributions and the nature of the system outcome on the level of users’ satisfaction with the system.
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    Attributional Bias as a Source of Conflict Between Users and Analysts in an Information Systems Development Context - Hypothesis Development
    (2015-07-29) Ndede-Amandi, Atieno A.; Snead, Kenneth C.
    One potential Obstacle to Effective information system development involves the conflict between users and developers. It has been argued that information systems development personnel have different perceptions of what constitutes systems effectiveness than do users. Systems objectives are accomplished from the developers viewpoint when the system has technical validity. Systems objectives are accomplished from the users viewpoint when the system has organizational validity. Differences in the assessment of information systems project success are accentuated when users perceive the project as a failure. Attribution theory, a social psychology theory, is employed here to explain the source and outcome of such conflict. Also discussed are alternative ways of resolving those differences.
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    CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AMONG DOMESTIC TOURISTS: A CASE STUDY OF TRAVEL AGENCIES IN NAIROBI, KENYA.
    (2023-01-13) Kambaga, Dunstan; Mongare, Omare; Muriuki, Lawrence
    The Consumer Behaviors is a combination of acts, attitudes and decisions made concerning the buying and consuming of the tourism products and services offered to tourists in destination areas and its post- buying reactions. Consumer behavior plays a key role in marketing activities of tourist products especially in promoting and selling tourism products and services in tourist destinations. The purpose of this research study is to establish factors affecting consumer behavior among Domestic tourists in travel agents in Nairobi, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which price, product and safety affects consumer behavior among Domestic tourists in travelling agents. The research adopted descriptive design. The target population was 306 (KATA,2019) employees involved in travelling agents and sample size of 75 employees were selected using Fisher, Laing & Stoeckel (1983) formula. The study used both systematic techniques and stratification methods from each stratum in sampling employees. Convenient method was used to select 35 travel agents out of 114 (KATA, 2019) in Nairobi (Appendix II). The study used both primary and secondary data which was collected by use of questionnaire survey. The analyzing of qualitative data was done by use of the format in the thematic content analysis, while, quantitative data was done by use of descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS), Chi-square (χ2 ), ANOVA and descriptive tests were performed. The data were presented by use of graphs, pie charts and table. Employees were asked to respond to a set of statements on the Likert scale where 5=strongly agreed, 4= agreed 3= neutral, 2= disagree, 1= strongly disagree and they had enough knowledge about travel agents in order to understand and respond to the questions. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize data regarding product, price and safety and Consumer Behavior in tourism destination. It’s evident that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that product, price and safety influence a tourist in decision-making to consume a product. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the existence and nature of relationship between Product, Pricing, Safety and consumer behavior among Domestic tourists. The study concludes that tourist behaviors is strongly influenced by price with 41.4% change followed by product and safety respectively as indicated by a Pearson correlation coefficient of .653**,.611** and .633** These relationships were found to be statistically significant as the significant value was 0.000 which is less than 0.05 threshold. Since, price, product and safety affects tourists, further research for Safety should be carried on to ascertain the individual safety of tourists in destination areas, especially this era of Al-Shabaab which is a security challenge to Kenya and the horn of East Africa as a whole. The study will benefit travel agents and tourism industry as a whole since the sector continues to be one of the largest industries in the world. Also, further research with wider scope to be carried on as this study could not exhaust all the factors affecting consumer behavior among Domestic tourists.
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    THE DETERMINANTS FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS: A CASE STUDY OF NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
    (2023-01-13) Kambaga, Dunstan; Mongare, Omare; Ondara, R. O
    The Kenya government is expected to lead in developing medical experts and facilities to take care of the well-being of its citizens and beyond the borders, since health is one of the pillars in the government’s agenda of Vision 2030. Therefore, the study is to find out determinants for medical tourism for private hospitals in Nairobi County, with a view of improving medical tourism in Kenya. The study examined a sample of cross-section of the tourist stakeholders to establish the impact of quality medical treatment facility, service delivery offered, competent doctors and the cost for medical treatments for private hospitals in Nairobi County. A descriptive and exploratory strategy were used for the study, whereby, the population was 400 medical tourists per month visiting the 25 private hospitals (Table 4) using census method. While, Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) was used to sample 196 respondents, by use of convenient sampling to select medical tourists in each hospital selected. The data was collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The presentations and conclusions of the study was done after descriptive and inferential 36 statistics was investigated. The findings revealed that predictors were statistically significant at α=0.05 and the p-values < 0.05 (Quality medical treatment facility, p=0.00; Service delivery, p=0.00; Competent doctors, p=0.03; Costs, p=0.00). This is an indication that Quality medical treatment facility, Service delivery and Competence of doctors all have a significant outcome on medical tourists coming to Kenya. The study recommended that the management of private hospitals ensure that they have quality medical treatment equipment/facilities and competent medical doctors who will offer quality services to motivate more tourists to visit hospitals. The government to put in place policies to protect medical tourists from being exploited by private hospitals as well as to manage public hospitals to compete favorably with private hospitals. In such a scenario, medical tourism would expand and lead to the creation of employment and generate revenues for the country. Finally, the study will assist the government and tourism stakeholders in addressing the obstacles facing local and international medical tourism in the country. The researcher suggested a comparative study between private and public hospitals on medical tourism in Nairobi, Kenya.
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    DETERMINANTS OF CHILD SEX EXPLOITATION BY TOURISTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MOMBASA NORTH COAST
    (2023-01-13) Kambaga, Dunstan; Mongare, Omare; Ipara, Hellen
    Kenya is synonymous with Safari destination in tourism circles internationally because of its main two products namely; wildlife and Coastal beach. However, cultural and sex tourism products are becoming prevalent to tourist, such that the tourism industry is facing different challenges towards child sex exploitation by tourists (CSET) in Kenya. The purpose of this research was to find the determinants of CSET in Mombasa North Coast, Kenya (MNCK). The research adopted descriptive design. The target population was 108,778 (County government of Kilifi and Mombasa, 2017) children involved in sex tourism industry and sample size of 384 children were selected using Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970). The study used both purposive sampling and stratification methods in sampling the children. Convenient method was used to select 22 tourist hotels out of 44 tourist hotels (KAHC, 2018) in MNCK. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study with the use of Purposive sampling method to sample the population both primary and secondary data which was collected by use of questionnaire survey and direct observation. and Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data collected. With help of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) whereby chi-square (χ2 ), ANOVA and descriptive tests were performed. The researcher conducted a Correlation analysis to investigate the existence and nature of relationship between dependent variable (CSET) and in dependent variable (poverty, illiteracy, culture, modern technology, peer pressure). The study established that CSET is strongly influenced 2 by poverty, illiteracy, culture, modern technology, peer pressure respectively as indicated by a Pearson correlation coefficient of .726** .4311** .648** and. 618** This relationship was found to be statistically significant as the significant value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 threshold. The study concluded that poverty is the major factor leading to the widespread of CSET in MNCK followed by peer pressure, illiteracy, modern technology and finally culture. This study recommends that In order to eradicate CSET at Mombasa North Coast, there is need to adopt deterrent measures apart from curative measures and may be adopted at different levels. The government should have a tourism policy on sustainable tourism to local community focusing on children which is tourism sustainability and intendeds to involve and improve the living standard of the children by generating and retaining revenue in the local community through employment. There should be skills training and entrepreneurship activities within the community to the children by assisting them to go back to learning schools/institutions and have programs to retain them for future life. Further research should be done to establish the relationship between child drug abuse and child sex exploitation; entrepreneurship opportunities for children at Mombasa North Coast; and, development of tourist education/learning programmes for the children at Mombasa North Coast.
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    Determinants of technology innovation implementation effectiveness in higher education institutions
    (2013) Kandiri, J; Muganda, N
    Higher education institutions have continued to acquire technologies with alacrity. However, the transition from adoption to application in teaching and learning has been below expectations. This exploratory study investigated the lack of cadence between adoption and effective implementation of educational technology initiatives. The study was based on PHEA-ETI projects that ran between June 2008 and June 2012. The projects entailed implementation of technology initiatives for example animating science content among others. A questionnaire was sent to all persons involved in the implementation of the projects. Out of the 163 targeted respondents, 105 usable responses were received. Team leaders were interviewed with focus groups held with implementation teams. The study adopted: top management, financial motivation, organizational culture. The new model added the variables: team leadership, monitoring and evaluation and innovation efficacy. When the data was analysed using SPSS version 17, the results confirmed determinants from earlier studies while also showing that team leadership and project efficacy were significant factors to consider in technology innovation implementation.
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    Diffusion of Big Data and Analytics in Developing Countries
    (2015-09-14) Micheni, Elyjoy Muthoni
    The purpose of this study is to shed light on the capabilities for storing, analysing and sharing big data in developing countries. The study takes an in-depth look at adoption of big data as a technological innovation, as well as the adoption issues for Big Data, its availability and access. The paper presents a review of academic literature, policy documents from international agencies and reports from industry in order to assess the diffusion and adoption of big data innovation in developing countries. The study was broadened by a Google Scholar search for relevant literature where the combinations of the following key words were used big data and analytics, developing countries, and diffusion of Innovations. Diffusion of innovations can greatly accelerate adoption and utilization of Big Data, even though there are challenges faced by developing countries which limit capability and utilization of these technologies effectively. The paper presents the Innovations Diffusions Theoretical framework for the study of Big Data innovation adoption in developing countries. The study concludes that the diffusion theory concepts provide an effective mechanism for policy leaders in developing countries to maximize adoption of Big Data innovations, and can also be used in informing policy implementers on how to increase adoption rates for Big Data.
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    THE EFFECT OF FOOD QUALITY ON CUSTOMER CHOICE OF DINING DESTINATION IN KENYA.
    (2023-01-13) Ondara, R. O; Fwaya, E. V. O.; Gesage, B; Kambaga, D
    Food quality has received attention by hoteliers because of its effect on customer choice of dining destination in Kenya. Achieving food quality (FQ) management standards across the hospitality industry presents a challenge for governments worldwide and Kenya in particular. Despite the important role that FQ play in hospitality industry, few studies have been conducted to assess the 2 effect of food quality on customers’ choice of dining destination in 4 and 5 star Hotels in Kenya The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of food quality and safety on customer’s choice of dining destination in Kenya. The specific objective was to assess the relationship between FQ and customer choice of dining destination in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design where total number of guests sampled were 1058 based on 2016 data provided by the Kenya Tourism Board bed occupancy calculated at 49% and 54 Hotel staff (managers and sous chef) randomly selected from 4-star and 5-star hotels in Nairobi and Mombasa. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from guests while interview schedules were employed to collect data from employees. Qualitative data collected through interview schedules was analyzed thematically. Quantitative data collected was coded in SPSS version 21 and analyzed using multiple regression. The results revealed that the top three aspects that were considered to be highly important while referring to food quality included taste (n = 426), freshness (n = 393) and good condition (n = 330). Results of the study indicated that the odds ratio of a restaurant with good food quality being selected over that with average food quality was 3.387 to 1, while the odds of a restaurant with poor food quality had the odds of 0.091 to 1 of being selected over a restaurant with average food quality. The overall effect of food quality was found to be significant since the corresponding –value for 2 R was 0.025, which was less than 0.05 ( P-value = 0.005< 0.05).
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    The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Outcomes: A Study of Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
    (2015-06-12) Sagwa, Evans Vidija; K’Obonyo, Peter; Ogutu, Martin
    Most empirical research on the link between Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) and employee outcomes has concentrated on the private sector, yet understanding this relationship in publicly listed firms, in the Developing World context is equally important. The effect of HRMP on employee outcomes - has not been established amongst Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) listed firms, yet theory has demonstrated that HRMP can have an effect on employee outcomes. This study was motivated by the desire to fill this gap in knowledge. The study objective was to assess the relationship between HRMP and employee outcomes. The research design was cross sectional descriptive survey. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, from a population of 60 NSE listed firms. The response rate was 36(60%). Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that HRMP have a significant effect on employee outcomes. This study confirms the findings of previous studies that have found a significant link between HRMP and employee outcomes. It was recommended that firms have to ensure that they formulate Human Resource Management Practices that will lead to employee outcomes that can enhance employee commitment, competence and empowerment. This will assist the firms towards attainment and sustenance of superior and competitive advantage in their activities.
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    Effect of Project Resources on Sustainability of Early Childhood Development Projects: Case of Baby-Friendly Community Initiative in Dagoretti North Constituency Nairobi County Kenya
    (Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2023-11) Sagwa, Evans Vidija; Obulemire, Kepha Emmanuel
    Abstract The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of project resources on sustainability of Early Childhood Development (ECD) projects, a case of the Baby-Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) project in Dagoretti North Constituency Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive survey design. The target population was made up of 507 BFCI project stakeholders while the sample size was 211. The target population comprised five hundred project beneficiaries, two lead mothers in charge of the mother-to-mother groups, two government officials, two Ministry of Health staff, and one staff from the implementing partner of the project. The sample size of the project beneficiaries was derived using the Yamane formula. Stratified sampling was used to get study participants from each village representing a stratum. Proportionate stratification was utilized to obtain the sample size of each stratum. This implied that each stratum had an equivalent sampling fraction. The other study participants were not sampled due to their low number. The researchers used self-administered questionnaires to collect quantitative data while an interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. Percentages, frequencies, mean, and standard deviation were the descriptive statistics used. Correlation analysis was used for inferential statistics. Collected data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23.0) and triangulated qualitative data was analyzed through themes and content analysis. The results show that there is a moderate relationship between project resources and sustainability of ECD projects with correlation value of (r=0.433, P0.000). Hence, it was recommended that project stakeholders should put on place resource mobilization strategies to ensure that projects do not lack resources. The in-depth discussions done with the key informants in the study also supported the results that project resources are crucial to the sustainability of projects. The study recommends that project stakeholders should put in place measures that ensure project resources are availed for sustainability of projects.
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    An Empirical Study of the Influence of Information Technology Infrastructure on Supply Chain Performance of Public Universities in Kenya
    (2018-11-12) Milimo, Judith Nelima Wasike; Sagwa, Evans Vidija
    Abstract Organizations are becoming seemingly productive through the adoption and utilization of integrated information systems by use of enabling technologies. This has become possible through creating seamless supply chains linkages by suppliers to customers in order to eliminate poor performance of suppliers, unpredictable customer demands, and uncertain business environment. The purpose of the study was to empirically ascertain the influence of information technology infrastructure on supply chain performance of public universities in Kenya. Information technology plays a critical role in organizational performance by enabling information flow which enhances supply chain robustness and resilience for efficiency. The study was guided by the Collaborative Network Theory (CNT). Information technology infrastructure was hypothesized to have a significant influence on supply chain performance of public universities in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive census survey. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 31 public universities in Kenya targeting 62 heads of procurement and Information Communication Technology departments. The response rate was 81 per cent. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicate that information technology infrastructure positively influences supply chain performance in public universities in Kenya. Hence the conclusion that information technology infrastructure influences the supply chain performance of public universities. The study has contributed to the existing body of knowledge on the role of information technology infrastructure on supply chain management of organization. The implementation of the study findings can enhance supply chain operational performance. The study recommends that public universities should invest in information technology infrastructure not only in their institutions but also in partnership with suppliers and other stakeholders so as to streamline end to end operations in the supply chain.
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    Evaluating Creative Mobile Applications Development Using Emotional Design
    (2014) Muganda, Nixon O; Villiers, Carina De; Twinomurinzi, Hossana; Pretorius, Jaco
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    Evaluating Preparedness for Social Networks Integration into Learning: A Case Study of Inoorero University
    (2015-07-29) MICHENI, Elyjoy; MURUMBA, Julius; NJUGUNA, Alice
    The advancement of Information Communication Technology in recent years and the increase in the number of social networking technologies, has led to educators facing complex choices and challenges when it comes to exploiting the dvantages these technologies offer. This hampers the use of social networks to enhance and complement teaching. This may be attributed to lack of knowledge and preparedness for integration, which in turn hinders successful integration of social networks into education systems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the preparedness for social networks integration into teaching and learning for universities. The study also investigated challenges faced in integrating these technologies. A case study approach was taken with the collection of data from lecturers at Inoorero University using the census method. Data was analyzed and presented using frequencies, percentages and tables, by use of SPSS. The study concludes that there is preparedness for social networks integration into teaching and learning at the university. The findings of the study can be used to develop a benchmark for integrating social networks into teaching and learning, and can aid professionals in the education communities in policy development and research.
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    Evaluating Preparedness for Social Networks Integration into Learning: A Case Study of Inoorero University
    (2020-01-30) MICHENI, Elyjoy; MURUMBA, Julius; NJUGUNA, Alice
    The advancement of Information Communication Technology in recent years and the increase in the number of social networking technologies, has led to educators facing complex choices and challenges when it comes to exploiting the advantages these technologies offer. This hampers the use of social networks to enhance and complement teaching. This may be attributed to lack of knowledge and preparedness for integration, which in turn hinders successful integration of social networks into education systems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the preparedness for social networks integration into teaching and learning for universities. The study also investigated challenges faced in integrating these technologies. A case study approach was taken with the collection of data from lecturers at Inoorero University using the census method. Data was analyzed and presented using frequencies, percentages and tables, by use of SPSS. The study concludes that there is preparedness for social networks integration into teaching and learning at the university. The findings of the study can be used to develop a benchmark for integrating social networks into teaching and learning, and can aid professionals in the education communities in policy development and research.
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    EXPECTANCY THEORY AS THE BASIS FOR ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION BY MANAGERS
    (2015-07-29) Ndede-Amadi, Atieno A.; Snead, Ken C.; Johnson, Wayne A.
    ABSTRACT Many studies, motivated by concerns for activity-based costing (ABC) implementation efforts being less than successful, have suggested that the lack of success in this area stems more from behavioral, as opposed to technical, factors. This concern for the behavioral aspects of systems implementation has also emerged from much of the more general information systems research examining determinants of implementation success. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine if a popular process theory of motivation, expectancy theory, would be useful in explaining the motivation of managers to incorporate ABC information into their job. Data obtained from two experiments employing a judgment modeling methodology support the relevance of both the valence and force models of expectancy theory in this context. Further, the judgments provided by the subject managers suggest they perceive improved product cost accuracy as the most beneficial outcome of ABC use, followed by an equivalent appreciation for both an enhanced ability to communicate the underlying economics of the firm and to identify non-value-added activities. Additionally, subject managers exhibited a greater concern for the possibility that obtaining the data to maintain the ABC system would be difficult and costly than they did for concerns that the ABC information would increase the level of complexity of the information that they use.